This page is a collection of short explanations and definitions of the many domain-specific terms, you will encounter on the 4S webpages. It is not meant to be read from beginning to end, but rather to be used as a place to look up the words or acronyms. Please use the table-of-contents to the right or your browsers “Find” function when searching for information (typically the CTRL + F or CMD + F keyboard shortcut).
This page also serves as the central “cross-referencing hub” of the 4S website, in the sense that all pages will link terms and acronyms to this vocabulary page, and from here links to more information (either on the 4S webpages or externally) will be found.
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The 4S Device Communication module collection is a library for applications interacting with (like blood pressure monitors, oximeters, thermometers, weight scales, exercise bikes and so on).
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“The Version 3 (®) is a document markup standard that specifies the structure and semantics of “clinical documents” for the purpose of exchange between healthcare providers and patients. It defines a clinical document as having the following six characteristics: 1) Persistence, 2) Stewardship, 3) Potential for authentication, 4) Context, 5) Wholeness and 6) Human readability.
A can contain any type of clinical content – typical documents would be a Discharge Summary, Imaging Report, Admission & Physical, Pathology Report and more.”
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Kort beskrivelse af og ITU-T
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is a specification that focuses on sharing document based information about patients between different actors within healthcare. With patient information can be indexed and retrieved across organisation, department and professional boundaries.
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is a collection of standards for clinical and administrative document formats and (to some degree) data exchange. The standards are managed and developed by the “ International” organisation. The international organisation is open to direct personal as well as organisational membership, but it also has local (national) affiliated organisations in many countries where membership is possible as well.
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This international standard, named “Medical device software – Software life cycle processes” applies to all products with a medical purpose containing software (including pure software products). In EU this is a harmonized standard, which means that it is mandatory for all products with a medical purpose sold in the EU to comply with this standard, if the product contains software.
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is an initiative by healthcare professionals and industry focused on improving the sharing of information within healthcare. In their own words “ promotes the coordinated use of established standards such as DICOM and to address specific clinical needs in support of optimal patient care. Systems developed in accordance with communicate with one another better, are easier to implement, and enable care providers to use information more effectively.”
IHEs recommendations are organised in so-called profiles within a number of domains, like cardiology, pharmacy or radiology. Furthermore, one of these domains is called IT Infrastructure and contains a number of technical profiles each focused on a different aspect of detailed recommendations that enable the provision of infrastructure for sharing information within the healthcare domain.
Within , each domain is covered by a so-called technical framework defining “specific implementations of established standards to achieve effective systems integration, facilitate appropriate sharing of medical information and support optimal patient care”.
Probably, the best known integration profiles from are the family of profiles focused on Cross-Enterprise Document Sharing - or XDS.
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The (ISO/) is a large family of standards all related to medical monitoring equipment. Originally developed for hospital equipment in the 1990s (also known as Point-of-Care devices), the original standards were very complex. In the late 00s the work on a new branch of these standards for much simpler “home use” were started, leading to the first version of the “” () standards in early 2010. The “old” Point-of-Care equipment standards are now known as “ PoC”. The core standard documents are -20601:2010 \cite phd20601 (along with two later IEEE revisions), and the -00103 \cite phd00103 overview document, offering a shorter and less technical introduction to the standard family. In addition to these core documents, there is one specialisation document for each device type (blood pressure, pulse oximetry, weight scale and so on). These documents are all identified by (ISO/)-104xx, where “xx” is a two-digit code. In some cases the standard documents refer back to the PoC standards (such as 11073-10101, 11073-10201, and 11073-20101). However, these references are mostly “informational” and may be ignored by the reader. Understanding the complexity of the PoC standards is not a prerequisite when working with the standards.
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This EU directive applies to all products with a medical purpose sold in the EU. The directive mandates the adherence to a number of international standards from ISO and IEC, which have been adopted by CEN/CENELEC as harmonized European standards.
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stands for “” and is an profile defining a light weight RESTful service interface to document sharing environments like ( on wiki). The profile was started simultaneously with 's work on the new standard framework and there has been a lot of interaction between the two.
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Also known as: Patient Care Device – transaction 1
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This is the general term used for all the kinds of devices that may be used for personal monitoring in the home. The term comprises medical sensors (such as blood pressure monitors, thermometers, oximeters etc.), medical actuators (e.g. insulin pumps), as well as health and fitness devices (e.g. weight scales, pedometers, activity monitors, exercise bikes, treadmills).
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(USB or NFC)
In a public open source project, it is rarely desirable to allow anyone in the world access to add or change code in the shared repository, as a malicious person could wreak havoc. Instead, the repository is typically read-only accessible to everyone, whereas only a few trusted administrators may write to it. In order for everyone else to submit code to the repository, the submission must pass through one of the administrators. 4S uses Bitbucket, and here the mechanism to do this, is called a “”. You can learn more in the tutorial below.
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The standard uses the term “” or to describe 3rd-party software components used in software with a medical purpose, and using components in a software product is intentionally made cumbersome, typically requiring more testing and risk mitigations – not to mention a lot of paper work.
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